Rabu, 08 Juni 2011

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESION

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESION


PART A

  1. In addition to the more traditional simple oven many _____ either by circulating heated air around to the food or by heating the moisture contained in the food with microwaves, and a few do both.

The answer is C (modern ovens function)

  1. _____ many communication companies are now able to offer radio and television broadcasts over the internet.

The answer is D (with the introduction of advanced technology)

  1. From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, technology _____ people are beginning to imagine there are no limits to what we can achieve.

    The answer is C (has progressed to the point that)

  1. A trap _____ disguise is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse, from the ancient story of the gift of the wooden horse from the Greeks.

    The answer is D (offered as a gift in)

  1. Telecommuting is a new from of work _____ to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.

    The answer is A (affording those previously unable)

  1. It is the lack of gravity on the moon that makes _____ leaps of 30 or more.

    The answer is A (possible)

  1. It is believed that the modern bird _____ the pterodactyls that existed millions of years ago.

    The answer is B (evolved from)

  1. Although _____ a successful film, none of her other works have to date been adapted to the film format.

    The answer is D (Amy Tan’s best known novel, The Joy Luck Club, made)

  1. The advent of the personal computer and easy access to information via the internet has allowed many more entrepreneurs _____ than over before.

    The answer is C (opening businesses home-based)

  1. _____ “orca” means whale, the orca is actually a member of the dolphin family, the delphinids.

    The answer is C (While)

  1. Many modern critics of American literature have called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, _____.

    The answer is C (America’s greatest writer)

  1. _____ its area of defense, a fort should be built on an elevation and with some sort of natural feature of the landscape to obstruct direct access to the fort.

    The answer is A (To better protect)

  1. An iron smelting forge _____ ore into usable metals.

    The answer is A (melts)

  1. The one in charge of a meeting _____ toward the end of the meeting.

    The answer is D (generally tables important topics)

  1. Sufficient gravitational force is _____ atmosphere, otherwise the atmosphere will drift off into space.

    The answer is D (necessary to retain a planet’s)

PART B

  1. Because of the enormous pull gravitational of the Moon, the shape of the

    A B

    Earth actually changes as the largest oceans are “pulled” toward the Moon.

    C D

    The answer is B (gravitation)

  1. Only with the advent of refrigerator were most Americans able to begin to

    A B C

    consume fresh meat.

    D

    The answer is A (refrigerates)

  1. The smaller of all nine planets in the solar system is Pluto.

    A B C D

    The answer is A (smallest)

  1. The function of a biologist is both to describe organisms in minute detail also

    A B C

    to understand why they behave as they do.

    D

    The answer is C (and)

  1. According to all findings to date, the known universe consists almost entirely

    A B C

    of the hydrogen.

    D

    The answer is D (don’t make word “the”)

  1. Because of their flexibility, reeds and straw are able to endure harsh winds

    A B

    that other more brittle materials like brick and concrete would not be able to

    C

    withstanding.

    D

    The answer is D (withstand)

  1. Before hay can be processed and sold, it is typically bundled into boxlike

    A B C

    bales so that it can be more easily transport.

    D

    The answer is D (transported)

  1. Most of the birds living in desert regions inhabits the fringes of the desert.

    A B C D

    The answer is D

  1. Areas of rocks may shifts up or down on each side of a fault.

    A B C D

    The answer is B (shift)

  1. From the 1850s until after the turn of the century, many of America’s super-

    A

    rich families made Newport his favorite summer resort.

    B C D

    The answer is D (their)

  1. Of Jane Austeen’s six great novels, the first four were published anonymous

    A B C

    during her lifetime.

    D

    The answer is B (was)

  1. Clarence Birdseye is best know for developing a process for freezing food in

    A B C

    small packages.

    D

    The answer is A (known)

  1. It was as a direct result of the widespread implementation electricity that the

    A B C

    US had a source of light other than gas lights.

    D

    The answer is C (implementing)

  1. The Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC is home to the largest

    A

    collecting of Native American artifacts in the United States, most of which

    B C

    uncatalogued and hidden from public view.

    D

    The answer is B (collection)

  1. In the modern era, face to face communication is becoming near as uncommon

    A B C

    as hand-written letters.

    D

    The answer is B (nearer)

  1. The leaves of most coniferous species are slender and length.

    A B C D

    The answer is D (long)

  1. Like an airplane, a helicopter have to control sticks instead of one.

    A B C D

    The answer is C (has)

  1. Much bright young starts lie along the spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy.

    A B C D

    The answer is A (many)

  1. Hippocrates believed that health depended on the balanced of the four fluids

    A B C D

    of the body blood, phlegm, bile and black bile.

    The answer is C (balance)

  1. Because mistletoe berries are poisonous, everyone with Christmas decorations

    A

    containing mistletoe need to be aware of the potential danger.

    B C D

    The answer is C (needs)

  1. The earliest known artworks were done by caveman which used a mixture of

    A B C

    clay, chalk and burned wood and bones.

    D

    The answer is C (who)

  1. The Earth’s crust is composed of fifteen plates which float on the partially

    A B C

    molten layer below they.

    D

    The answer is D (them)

  1. The Cabinet consist of secretaries of departments, who report to the president,

    A B

    give him advice, and helping him make decisions.

    C D

    The answer is C (help)

  1. Operas can be broadly classified as either comedies or they are tragedies.

    A B C D

    The answer is D (don’t make word “or they are”)

  1. During the annually salmon migration from the sea to fresh water, Alaska’s

    A B

    McNeil River becomes a gathering place for brown bears waiting eagerly to

    C D

    catch their fill.

    The answer is A (annual)


Minggu, 08 Mei 2011

Infinitive and Gerund

PART I
01. ‘Tell me why you’re interested in learning this subject?’
‘Economics...to explain the phenomena in Business World.’
The answer is B (tries) / pluralization
02. ‘What’s on the news today?’
‘The policeman...caught the criminal.’
The answer is B (has) / perfect
03. ‘After travelling across the country, I think Toronto...the busiest city in Canada.’
The answer is C (is) / tobe
04. ‘You should sleep early tonight because we start our journey tomorrow and five hundred miles...a long distance to drive in one day.’
The answer is D (are) / tobe
05. ‘After the incident at the border yesterday, the army has reinforced...strength this morning’
The answer is D (their) / possessive adjective
06. ‘Children, tell me the functions of these tools!’
‘Scissors...to cut this materials’
The answer is C (are used) / tobe + V2
07. ‘According to the recipe, I need seven...to make the chicken pie.’
The answer is C (potatoes) / pluralization
08. ‘There are a lot of disasters in Indonesia these days.
‘Yes. And now, the earthquake and tsunami phenomena always...a lot of people.’
The answer is A (fascinate) / simple present + V3
09. Which of these sentences is correct?
The answers is D (The car made a loud noise) / sentence
10. Jim : Can I use the car?
Mark : No. It’s...car.
The answer is C (my mother – in – law’s) / demonstratives pronoun
11. ‘The old man’s house is old.’
‘Yes. One of...windows is broken.’
The answer is D (its) / possessive adjective
12. ‘Where we will sleep tonight?’
‘Ann is going to share her room with..., isn’t she?’
The answer is A (you and me) / personal pronoun-objective
13. ‘What’s said in the memo?’
‘You and...are expected to be present at the student representative meeting.’
The answer is A (I) / personal pronoun-subjective
14. ‘The students must be made to understand how each lesson can be value to...’
‘I absolutely agree with you.’
The answer is C (them) / personal pronoun-objective
15. ‘How does Jarohi play guitar?’
‘As well as...do’
The answer is A (I) / personal pronoun-subjective
16. ‘Anything happens to you, dont forget that...mother and father love you.’
The answer is B (your) / possessive adjective
17. ‘Vito and I have a lot in common.’
‘Yes, your ideas,...somewhat unusual to me.’
The answer is B (like him, is) / personal pronoun-objective & tobe
18. ‘Is this your book?’
‘This doesn’t look like...book, it must be....’
The answer is A (my / yours) / possessive adjective & possessive pronoun
19. ‘What’s the decision?’
‘I don’t know yet. The committee are still arguing among...’
The answer is E (themselves) / reflexive
20. Mother : What are you doing?
Children : Chatting.
Mother : What! You waste yor time. You get...from that.
The answer is D (nothing) / indefinite pronoun - negatif
21. ‘Does...know where my glasses?’
‘You’re wearing them. Why you’re always so forgetful?’
The answer is E (anybody) / indefinite pronoun - interogatif
22. ‘...of the bread has been taken from its box.’
‘No one likes it.’
The answer is A (Some) / indefinite pronoun - positif
23. ‘Who wants to go with me to the orchestra?’
‘...of us want to go to the orchestra.’
The answer is D (All) / pluralization
24. A : Look at the picture on the wall !
B : ... is a beautiful picture.
The answers is D (That) / demonstratives pronoun
25. ‘Who is the man talking to you last night?’
‘The man... I talked to last night was my brother.’
The answer is A (whom) / relative pronoun
PART II
01. ‘... his own assignments, Sony offered to help his friends.’
The answer is A (When finished) / perfect
02. ‘... the money, Tarwan left for his home town.’
The answer is C (After he receives) / perfect
03. ‘We always avoid...to the mail on Sunday because it’s too crowded.’
The answer is D (going) / gerund
04. ‘What was he interested in?’
‘...paleontology.’
The answer is B (Learning) / gerund
05. ‘These floors always look dirty in spite of...every day.’
The answer is D (being swept) / passive present + cont.
06. Bob : ‘I’m going out tonight.’
John : ‘Would you mind...the key to the house?’
The answer is E (leaving) / gerund
07. ‘Doel Fajri completely denied...the money.’
The answer is B (stealing) / gerund
08. ‘What’s your hobby?’
‘...stamps.’
The answer is C (Collecting) / gerund
09. ‘Can Rosa accept her parent’s divorce?’
‘No. She isn’t mature enough...’
The answer is B (to understand) / to + infinitive
10. ‘I wonder where Dadang is.’
‘Don’t you know the committee forced him...?’
The answer is C (to resign) / to + infinitive
11. ‘The poor woman can’t afford...a dress.’
The answer is A (buy) / infinitive + V1
12. ‘I smell something...in the kitchen.’
The answer is D (burning) / gerund
13. ‘I had to ask the soldier...’
The answer is B (to stop firing) / to + infinitive
14. ‘What did the teacher tell us?’
‘He told us...noisy.’
The answer is D (Not to be) / indirect
15. ‘Do you object to...on the table.’
‘Yes. You sit on the cake.’
The answer is B (my sitting) / gerund
16. Rudy : ‘What are you looking forward?’
Toni : ‘... my old friends.’
The answer is A (to seeing) / to + infinitive
17. ‘When you go camping, don’t forget to bring...bags.’
The answer is B (sleeping) / gerund
18. ‘The smiling boy clapped his hands.’
It means...
The answer is D (The boy with a smile on his face clapped his hands) / passive form
19. ‘I am bored the show is very...”
The answer is E (boring) / gerund
20. ‘We thought of...across France. We’re rather tired of...by train.’
The answer is D (driving / going) / gerund
21. ‘When at last I succeeded in...him that I wanted...home quickly, he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car...forward.’
The answer is E (convincing / to get / leaping) / gerund & to + V1
22. X : ‘Bob smoked when he was in College. Does he now?’
Y : ‘Yes.’
From the dialogue we know that...
The answer is B (Bob used to smoking) / gerund
23. ‘I always...the sun...every morning.’
The answer is watch / rises / gerund & pluralization
24. ‘I don’t know where ... in this holiday.’
The answer is B (to go) / to + infinitive
25. ‘The car is always hard to start.’
‘I think it needs...’
The answer is to be repaired / passive infinitive

Selasa, 15 Maret 2011

GRAMMAR REVIEW

Exercise 1 : Subject, Verb, Complement and Modifier
Identify the subject, verb, complement, and modifier in each of the following sentences. Remember that not every sentence has a complement or modifier.
1. George / is cooking / dinner / tonight.
Subject / Verb Phrases / complement / modifier of time
2. Henry and Marcia / have visited / the president.
Subject / verb phrases / complement
3. We / can eat / lunch / in this restaurant / today.
Subject / verb / complement / modifier of place / modifier of time
4. Pat / should have bought / gasoline / yesterday.
Subject / verb phrases / complement / modifier of time
5. Trees / grow.
Subject / verb
6. It / was raining / at seven o’clock / this morning.
Subject / verb phrases / modifier of time / modifier of place
7. She / opened / a checking account / at the bank / last week.
Subject / verb / complement / modifier of place / modifier of time
8. Harry / is washing / dishes / right now.
Subject / verb phrases / complement / modifier of time
9. She / opened / her book.
Subject / verb / complement
10. Paul, William, and Mary / were watching / television / a few minutes ago.
Subject / verb phrases / complement / modifier of time

Selasa, 04 Januari 2011

Tanggung jawab Sosial Perusahaan atau Corporate Social Responsibility

Adalah suatu konsep bahwa organisasi, khususnya (namun bukan hanya) perusahaan adalah memiliki suatu tanggung jawab terhadap konsumen, karyawan, pemegang saham, komunitas dan lingkungan dalam segala aspek operasional perusahaan.
CSR berhubungan erat dengan "pembangunan berkelanjutan", di mana ada argumentasi bahwa suatu perusahaan dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya harus mendasarkan keputusannya tidak semata berdasarkan faktor keuangan, misalnya keuntungan atau deviden melainkan juga harus berdasarkan konsekuensi sosial dan lingkungan untuk saat ini maupun untuk jangka panjang.

Penggunaan istilah Tanggungjawab Sosial Perusahaan atau atau Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) akhir-akhir ini semakin populer dengan semakin meningkatnya praktek tanggung jawab sosial perusaan, dan diskusi-diskusi global, regional dan nasional tentang CSR.

Istilah CSR yang mulai dikenal sejak tahun 1970-an, saat ini menjadi salah satu bentuk inovasi bagi hubungan perusahaan dengan masyarakat dan konsumen. CSR kini banyak diterapkan baik oleh perusahaan multi-nasional maupun perusahaan nasional atau lokal. CSR adalah tentang nilai dan standar yang berkaitan dengan beroperasinya sebuah perusahaan dalam suatu masyarakat. CSR diartikan sebagai komitmen usaha untuk beroperasi secara legal dan etis yang berkonstribusi pada peningkatan kualitas kehidupan karyawan dan keluarganya, komunitas lokal dan masyarakat luas dalam kerangka mmewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan.

CSR berakar dari etika dan prinsip-prinsip yang berlaku di Perusahaan dan dimasyarakat. Etika yang dianut merupakan bagian dari budaya (corporate culture); dan etika yang dianut masyarakat merupakan bagian dari budaya masyarakata. Prisnsip-prinsip atau azas yang berlaku di masyarakat juga termasuk berbagai peraturan dan regulasi pemerintah sebagai bagian dari sistem ketatanegaraan.

Menurut Jones (2001) seseorang atau lembaga dapat dinilai membuat keputusan atau bertindak etis bila: 1) Keputusan atau tindakan dilakukan berdasarkan nilai atau standar yang diterima dan berlaku pada lingkungan organisasi yang bersangkutan. 2) Bersedia mengkomunikasikan keputusan tersebut kepada seluruh pihak yang terkait. 3) Yakin orang lain akan setuju dengan keputusan tersebut atau keputusan tersebut mungkin diterima dengan alasan etis.

Suatu perusahaan seharusnya tidak hanya mengeruk keuntungan sebanyak mungkin, tetapi juga mempunyai etika dalam bertindak menggunakan sumberdaya manusia dan lingkungan guna turut mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pengukuran kinerja yang semata dicermati dari komponen keuangan dan keuntungan (finance) tidak akan mampu membesarkan dan melestarikan , karena seringkali berhadapan dengan konflik pekerja, konflik dengan masyarakat sekitar dan semakin jauh dari prinsip pengelolaan lingkungan dengan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Sumber: http://fema.ipb.ac.id/index.php/lingkungan-masyarakat-dan-tanggung-jawab-sosial-perusahaan-csr/

Pabrik Sawit Berpotensi Cemari Danau

Tugas Softskil yang melenceng dari Etika Bisnis
Lembaga pemerhati lingkungan Save Our Borneo dan Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (Walhi) Kalimantan Tengah sepakat keberadaan pabrik kelapa sawit di dekat Danau Sembuluh, Kabupaten Haruyan, Kalteng, perlu ditinjau lagi. Pabrik itu berpotensi mencemari danau yang digunakan sehari-hari. Direktur Save Our Borneo, Nordin, yang dihubungi dari Banjarmasin, Kalsel, Senin (1/11), mengatakan setidaknya ada empat pabrik di dekat Danau Sembuluh. “Kami minta ditinjau ulang lokasinya. Jika (limbahnya) berpotensi ke Danau Sembuluh, maka tutup atau pindah,” ujar Nordin. Juni lalu warga Desa Sembuluh I dan II keberatan atas pembangunan pabrik baru milik PT Selonok Ladang Mas. Menurut warga, lokasi pabrik cukup dekat dengan danau dan pembangunannya dianggap menyalahi analisis mengenai dampak lingkungan (amdal) tahun 2005. Direktur Eksekutif Walhi Kalteng Ari Rompas mengatakan, aktivitas PT Selonok Ladang Mas harus dihentikan karena tidak punya dokumen amdal.

Sumber: Koran

Kamis, 30 Desember 2010

ETIKA BISNIS DAN PENTAHAPANNYA

KOMPAS tanggal 24 April 1995 mengangkat masalah etika bisnis dengan judul: “Etika Bisnis di Indonesia Semakin Tidak Ditaati”. Beberapa pakar dan pengamat, antara lain Todung Mulya Lubis mensinyalir manifestasinya sebagai “Para pengusaha leluasa berkiprah dan menguasai pasar komoditas tertentu dengan tak mengindahkan lagi ‘sopan santun’ berbisnis. Repotnya, situasi ini masih ditambah bobotnya oleh sikap pemerintah yang ‘membiarkan’ penguasaan suatu komoditas dari hulu sampai hilir oleh dua tiga pengusaha saja”.
Juga dikatakan bahwa “…kekisruhan di bisnis ayam yang menyebabkan banyak peternak kecil bangkrut, ada penguasaan komoditas kertas dan minyak goring dari hulu sampai hilir oleh konglomerat sehingga home industry di bidang minyak goreng banyak yang gulung tikar, dan ada pemenangan tender dari yang itu-itu juga. Ada yang me-mark up kredit dan bahkan kemudian digunakan untuk kepentingan lain, sehingga akhirnya menimbulkan kredit macet hingga sekarang”.
Dikatakan sendiri oleh Mulya Lubis, bahwa “etika bisnis bias disebutkan sebagai suatu aturan main yang tidak mengikat, sebab bukan hokum”.
Kalau etika bisnis tidak mengikat, apa dasarnya? Dasarmya adalah standar moral, tata nilai dan persepsi yang berlaku di masyarakat, yang menganggap para pelanggarnya bukan orang yang beradab, rendah martabatnya, menjijikkan dan sebagainya. Maka yang perlu dipertanyakan adalah apakah standar moral, tata nilai dan persepsi yang dimiliki oleh Mulya Lubis dan beberapa elit bangsa kita, juga dimiliki oleh anggota masyarakat pada umumnya, terutama para pelaku bisnisnya? Nyatanya tidak. Di dalam pergaulan sehari-hari, para pengusaha besar tertentu yang dirasa sebagai serakah, melanggar segala etika bisnis, justru sangat dihormati, dielu-elukan sebagai pengusaha hebat, dianggap sebagai asset nasional yang harus dilindungi dan ditumbuhkembangkan dan seterusnya. Jadi apa yang salah?

Sumber: PRAKTEK BISNIS DAN ORIENTASI EKONOMI INDONESIA / KWIK KIAN GIE.-- 0
JAKARTA: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1996

Minggu, 19 Desember 2010

Sup Kimlo


Bahan:
1. 1 buah paha ayam utuh (paha atas dan bawah nyambung)
2. 6 buah bakso ikan, belah 2
3. 1 buah wortel, potong2
4. 3 buah jamur kuping, rendam hingga mekar, cuci lalu iris2 panjang
5. Sejumput bunga sedap malam, rendam hingga mekar, cuci lalu ikat simpul
6. Soun, rendam air panas
7. 1 lembar kembang tahu, rendam hingga layu, cuci lalu potong kotak
8. 1 ruas jahe, geprek
9. 1 batang seledri, iris2
10. 2 siung bawang putih, geprek lalu cincang
11. 2 siung bawang merah, iris halus
12. Merica bubuk
13. Gula
14. Garam
15. 1 sdm minyak untuk menumis
16. 1,2 L air

Cara membuat:
1. Rebus ayam dengan sebagian air, tambahkan jahe ke dalamnya. Matikan api ketika ayam sudah matang, angkat ayamnya dan biarkan air rebusannya untuk digunakan nanti.
2. Suwir2 daging ayam, tapi jangan terlalu kecil. Masukkan kembali suwiran ayam dan tulangnya ke dalam air rebusan, nyalakan lagi apinya. Tambahkan sisa air ke dalam panci.
3. Tumis bawang merah dan bawang putih hingga layu dan wangi. Masukkan tumisan bawang ke dalam air rebusan.
4. Masukkan irisan wortel, tambahkan merica bubuk, gula dan garam. Masak hingga air mendidih.
5. Ketika air mendidih masukkan bakso ikan, irisan jamur, bunga sedap malam dan potongan kembang tahu. Masak jangan terlalu lama, cicipi rasanya.
6. Ketika sudah matang dan pas rasanya matikan apinya lalu masukkan soun dan irisan daun seledri. Sajikan hangat.

sumber: http://cintadapur.blogspot.com/2010/11/sup-kimlo.html